Themes of Pygmalion

 1. Language and Social Class

One of the central themes of Pygmalion is the close connection between language and social status. Shaw shows that society judges people not by their character but by the way they speak. Eliza is treated poorly because of her accent, while proper pronunciation earns her respect. Through this, Shaw criticises the unfair class system based on speech.

Example: Eliza is mocked as a flower girl but admired as a lady once her accent changes.

2. Education and Transformation

The play highlights the power of education to transform an individual’s life. Higgins proves that training can change a person’s outward identity. However, Shaw also questions whether education without empathy is truly meaningful.

Example: Eliza learns refined speech and manners but suffers emotional neglect.

3. Human Dignity and Self-Respect

Shaw strongly emphasises that human dignity is more important than social success. Eliza’s real growth occurs when she realises her self-worth and refuses to be treated as an object.

Example: Eliza challenges Higgins and asserts her independence.

4. Appearance vs. Reality

The play shows how easily society is deceived by appearances. Eliza is accepted as a lady not because of her character, but because of her speech and manners.

Conclusion

Thus, Pygmalion is not merely about learning correct pronunciation but about equality, respect, and true human value. Shaw uses humour and irony to expose social hypocrisy and highlight the importance of inner dignity over outward refinement.